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The Facts on Spider Bites

Most spiders don't bite humans and only do so if they're provoked. When spiders bite, the vast majority of bites only cause a mild reaction in people, such as minor swelling, inflammation, or itching.

However, there are a few poisonous spiders in North America that can be dangerous. They are mostly found in the southern regions of the United States, but black widow spiders can also be found in southern regions of Canada. The venom that these spiders use to kill their prey is also harmful to humans. Being bitten by a venomous spider may cause severe local and systemic reactions and can sometimes be fatal.

The venom of black widow spiders is a neurotoxin (poisonous to the nervous system). Bites from adult females are the most toxic. The adult female is jet black with two reddish markings (often in the shape of an hourglass) on the underside of her body. These spiders are not very big - their body size is about 1 cm and their leg span about 5 cm. Bites occur mostly in the summer and early autumn, usually if the spider is provoked or if her web is disturbed. These spiders build their webs under logs, plants, or rocks, or in dark places in garages and outhouses.

The venom of brown recluse spiders causes necrosis (damage and breakdown) of skin and tissue. Their venom kills cells around the site of the bite. These spiders are brown and have a dark violin pattern on their back. They are small - their body can be up to 1.5 cm and their leg span up to 4 cm. Brown recluse spiders usually only bite when provoked. They hide under rocks and logs and come out at night to hunt. They often enter homes and hide in dark, quiet places.